Deep neural networks (DNNs) are machine learning algorithms that have revolutionised computer vision due to their remarkable successes in tasks like object classification and segmentation. The success of DNNs as computer vision algorithms has led to the suggestion that DNNs may also be good models of human visual perception. We here review evidence regarding current DNNs as adequate behavioural models of human core object recognition. To this end, we argue that it is important to distinguish between statistical tools and computational models, and to understand model quality as a multidimensional concept where clarity about modelling goals is key. Reviewing a large number of psychophysical and computational explorations of core object recognition performance in humans and DNNs, we argue that DNNs are highly valuable scientific tools but that as of today DNNs should only be regarded as promising -- but not yet adequate -- computational models of human core object recognition behaviour. On the way we dispel a number of myths surrounding DNNs in vision science.

本文回顾了当前深度神经网络在作为人类核心物体识别合适的行为模型方面存在的证据，并指出深度神经网络作为计算模型的质量是一个多维概念，需要在建模目标方面达成明确的理解与共识。本文通过分析大量的人类感知和深度神经网络核心物体识别能力的心理物理和计算机探究，得出深度神经网络作为科学工具的价值性，同时认为深度神经网络目前只是作为人类核心物体识别行为的有前途但尚不充分的计算模型。在此过程中，我们驳斥了一些关于深度神经网络在视觉科学中存在的神话。

深度神经网络能否充当人类视觉感知的行为模型？