Humans leverage compositionality to efficiently learn new concepts, understanding how familiar parts can combine together to form novel objects. In contrast, popular computer vision models struggle to make the same types of inferences, requiring more data and generalizing less flexibly than people do. Here, we study these distinctively human abilities across a range of different types of visual composition, examining how people classify and generate ``alien figures'' with rich relational structure. We also develop a Bayesian program induction model which searches for the best programs for generating the candidate visual figures, utilizing a large program space containing different compositional mechanisms and abstractions. In few shot classification tasks, we find that people and the program induction model can make a range of meaningful compositional generalizations, with the model providing a strong account of the experimental data as well as interpretable parameters that reveal human assumptions about the factors invariant to category membership (here, to rotation and changing part attachment). In few shot generation tasks, both people and the models are able to construct compelling novel examples, with people behaving in additional structured ways beyond the model capabilities, e.g. making choices that complete a set or reconfiguring existing parts in highly novel ways. To capture these additional behavioral patterns, we develop an alternative model based on neuro-symbolic program induction: this model also composes new concepts from existing parts yet, distinctively, it utilizes neural network modules to successfully capture residual statistical structure. Together, our behavioral and computational findings show how people and models can produce a rich variety of compositional behavior when classifying and generating visual objects.

本文探讨了人类与计算机视觉模型在不同类型的视觉组合任务中的差异，通过大程序空间中的最佳程序来生成具有丰富关系结构的候选视觉对象，发现人类和程序感知上存在着一些相同点，同时在一些结构上存在不同，其中，形成新的概念主要涉及到的是组合机制和抽象。

视觉概念学习中的组合多样性