Graph neural networks (GNNs) learn the representation of graph-structured data, and their expressiveness can be further enhanced by inferring node relations for propagation. Attention-based GNNs infer neighbor importance to manipulate the weight of its propagation. Despite their popularity, the discussion on deep graph attention and its unique challenges has been limited. In this work, we investigate some problematic phenomena related to deep graph attention, including vulnerability to over-smoothed features and smooth cumulative attention. Through theoretical and empirical analyses, we show that various attention-based GNNs suffer from these problems. Motivated by our findings, we propose AEROGNN, a novel GNN architecture designed for deep graph attention. AERO-GNN provably mitigates the proposed problems of deep graph attention, which is further empirically demonstrated with (a) its adaptive and less smooth attention functions and (b) higher performance at deep layers (up to 64). On 9 out of 12 node classification benchmarks, AERO-GNN outperforms the baseline GNNs, highlighting the advantages of deep graph attention. Our code is available at https://github.com/syleeheal/AERO-GNN.

本研究通过理论和实证分析，探讨了深度图注意力中涉及的一些问题现象，包括易受平滑功能影响和光滑累积注意力。由此，研究者提出了一种名为AEROGNN的新型GNN体系结构，用于深度图注意力，其已被证明可以缓解这些问题。

图神经网络中的深度关注:问题及解决方案