Despite significant advances in the field of deep learning in ap-plications to various areas, an explanation of the learning pro-cess of neural network models remains an important open ques-tion. The purpose of this paper is a comprehensive comparison and description of neural network architectures in terms of ge-ometry and topology. We focus on the internal representation of neural networks and on the dynamics of changes in the topology and geometry of a data manifold on different layers. In this paper, we use the concepts of topological data analysis (TDA) and persistent homological fractal dimension. We present a wide range of experiments with various datasets and configurations of convolutional neural network (CNNs) architectures and Transformers in CV and NLP tasks. Our work is a contribution to the development of the important field of explainable and interpretable AI within the framework of geometrical deep learning.

本文旨在比较和描述神经网络结构在几何和拓扑方面的内部表示和层间数据流动的拓扑和几何动态变化，并使用拓扑数据分析和持久性同调分形维数的概念，通过不同层次的数据集以及卷积神经网络和转换网络在计算机视觉和自然语言处理任务中的各种配置的广泛实验，为可解释的和可解释的AI的发展做出了贡献。

从流形学习的角度看深度神经网络架构