Machine learning in medical imaging often faces a fundamental dilemma, namely the small sample size problem. Many recent studies suggest using multi-domain data pooled from different acquisition sites/datasets to improve statistical power. However, medical images from different sites cannot be easily shared to build large datasets for model training due to privacy protection reasons. As a promising solution, federated learning, which enables collaborative training of machine learning models based on data from different sites without cross-site data sharing, has attracted considerable attention recently. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive survey of the recent development of federated learning methods in medical image analysis. We first introduce the background and motivation of federated learning for dealing with privacy protection and collaborative learning issues in medical imaging. We then present a comprehensive review of recent advances in federated learning methods for medical image analysis. Specifically, existing methods are categorized based on three critical aspects of a federated learning system, including client end, server end, and communication techniques. In each category, we summarize the existing federated learning methods according to specific research problems in medical image analysis and also provide insights into the motivations of different approaches. In addition, we provide a review of existing benchmark medical imaging datasets and software platforms for current federated learning research. We also conduct an experimental study to empirically evaluate typical federated learning methods for medical image analysis. This survey can help to better understand the current research status, challenges and potential research opportunities in this promising research field.

本文综述了联邦学习在医学图像分析中的最新发展，介绍了联邦学习在处理隐私保护和协作学习问题方面的背景和动机，分类总结了现有的联邦学习方法，并提供了目前联邦学习研究的基准医学图像数据集和软件平台的回顾，同时进行了实验以评估联邦学习方法在医学图像分析中的应用。

医学图片分析的联邦学习: 一项调查