Differentially private mean estimation is an important building block in privacy-preserving algorithms for data analysis and machine learning. Though the trade-off between privacy and utility is well understood in the worst case, many datasets exhibit structure that could potentially be exploited to yield better algorithms. In this paper we present $\textit{Private Limit Adapted Noise (PLAN)}$, a family of differentially private algorithms for mean estimation in the setting where inputs are independently sampled from a distribution $\mathcal{D}$ over $\mathbf{R}^d$, with coordinate-wise standard deviations $\boldsymbol{\sigma} \in \mathbf{R}^d$. Similar to mean estimation under Mahalanobis distance, PLAN tailors the shape of the noise to the shape of the data, but unlike previous algorithms the privacy budget is spent non-uniformly over the coordinates. Under a concentration assumption on $\mathcal{D}$, we show how to exploit skew in the vector $\boldsymbol{\sigma}$, obtaining a (zero-concentrated) differentially private mean estimate with $\ell_2$ error proportional to $\|\boldsymbol{\sigma}\|_1$. Previous work has either not taken $\boldsymbol{\sigma}$ into account, or measured error in Mahalanobis distance $\unicode{x2013}$ in both cases resulting in $\ell_2$ error proportional to $\sqrt{d}\|\boldsymbol{\sigma}\|_2$, which can be up to a factor $\sqrt{d}$ larger. To verify the effectiveness of \algorithmname, we empirically evaluate accuracy on both synthetic and real world data.

提出了一种私有化适应噪声的算法（PLAN），用于独立从分布中取样的输入的均值估计问题，并且这一算法根据数据的形状调整噪声的形状以获得更好的效果，并在密度分布的集中假设下进行实验验证。

方案：方差感知式隐私均值估计