Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing (NLP) but demand massive GPU resources for training. Lowering the threshold for LLMs training would encourage greater participation from researchers, benefiting both academia and society. While existing approaches have focused on parameter-efficient fine-tuning, which tunes or adds a small number of parameters, few have addressed the challenge of tuning the full parameters of LLMs with limited resources. In this work, we propose a new optimizer, LOw-Memory Optimization (LOMO), which fuses the gradient computation and the parameter update in one step to reduce memory usage. By integrating LOMO with existing memory saving techniques, we reduce memory usage to 10.8% compared to the standard approach (DeepSpeed solution). Consequently, our approach enables the full parameter fine-tuning of a 65B model on a single machine with 8 RTX 3090, each with 24GB memory.

提出了一种名为 LOw-Memory Optimization（LOMO）的新优化器，该优化器将梯度计算和参数更新融合为一步，可以在单台机器上通过充分利用记忆方案使大型语言模型（LLMs）进行全参数微调的训练过程中降低内存使用，并成功地在一台装有 8 个RTX 3090 的机器上对一个拥有 65B 参数的模型进行充分微调。

有限资源下的大型语言模型全参数微调