ChatGPT has drawn considerable attention from both the general public and domain experts with its remarkable text generation capabilities. This has subsequently led to the emergence of diverse applications in the field of biomedicine and health. In this work, we examine the diverse applications of large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, in biomedicine and health. Specifically we explore the areas of biomedical information retrieval, question answering, medical text summarization, information extraction, and medical education, and investigate whether LLMs possess the transformative power to revolutionize these tasks or whether the distinct complexities of biomedical domain presents unique challenges. Following an extensive literature survey, we find that significant advances have been made in the field of text generation tasks, surpassing the previous state-of-the-art methods. For other applications, the advances have been modest. Overall, LLMs have not yet revolutionized the biomedicine, but recent rapid progress indicates that such methods hold great potential to provide valuable means for accelerating discovery and improving health. We also find that the use of LLMs, like ChatGPT, in the fields of biomedicine and health entails various risks and challenges, including fabricated information in its generated responses, as well as legal and privacy concerns associated with sensitive patient data. We believe this first-of-its-kind survey can provide a comprehensive overview to biomedical researchers and healthcare practitioners on the opportunities and challenges associated with using ChatGPT and other LLMs for transforming biomedicine and health.

该研究调查了大型语言模型在生物医学和健康领域中的多种应用，包括生物医学信息检索、问答、文本摘要、信息提取和医学教育等，并研究了LLM是否具有革新这些任务的能力，发现LLMs在生物医学文献生成方面已取得了显著进展，但在其他方面，其进展并不太大。虽然大型语言模型在生物医学与健康领域应用的潜力巨大，但其使用也存在某些风险和挑战，例如可疑生成的信息以及涉及敏感病人数据的法律和隐私问题。

ChatGPT 和大型语言模型在生物医学和健康领域的机遇和挑战