Three-dimensional microscopy is often limited by anisotropic spatial resolution, resulting in lower axial resolution than lateral resolution. Current State-of-The-Art (SoTA) isotropic reconstruction methods utilizing deep neural networks can achieve impressive super-resolution performance in fixed imaging settings. However, their generality in practical use is limited by degraded performance caused by artifacts and blurring when facing unseen anisotropic factors. To address these issues, we propose DiffuseIR, an unsupervised method for isotropic reconstruction based on diffusion models. First, we pre-train a diffusion model to learn the structural distribution of biological tissue from lateral microscopic images, resulting in generating naturally high-resolution images. Then we use low-axial-resolution microscopy images to condition the generation process of the diffusion model and generate high-axial-resolution reconstruction results. Since the diffusion model learns the universal structural distribution of biological tissues, which is independent of the axial resolution, DiffuseIR can reconstruct authentic images with unseen low-axial resolutions into a high-axial resolution without requiring re-training. The proposed DiffuseIR achieves SoTA performance in experiments on EM data and can even compete with supervised methods.

使用扩散模型的无监督等距重建方法能够将低轴向分辨率的显微成像重建为高轴向分辨率的结果，无需重新训练，这个方法在电镜数据实验中实现了最新技术的表现甚至可以与监督方法竞争。

DiffuseIR: 用扩散模型重建等向性三维显微图像