Super-Resolution (SR) techniques aim to enhance data resolution, enabling the retrieval of finer details, and improving the overall quality and fidelity of the data representation. There is growing interest in applying SR methods to complex spatiotemporal systems within the Scientific Machine Learning (SciML) community, with the hope of accelerating numerical simulations and/or improving forecasts in weather, climate, and related areas. However, the lack of standardized benchmark datasets for comparing and validating SR methods hinders progress and adoption in SciML. To address this, we introduce SuperBench, the first benchmark dataset featuring high-resolution datasets (up to $2048\times2048$ dimensions), including data from fluid flows, cosmology, and weather. Here, we focus on validating spatial SR performance from data-centric and physics-preserved perspectives, as well as assessing robustness to data degradation tasks. While deep learning-based SR methods (developed in the computer vision community) excel on certain tasks, despite relatively limited prior physics information, we identify limitations of these methods in accurately capturing intricate fine-scale features and preserving fundamental physical properties and constraints in scientific data. These shortcomings highlight the importance and subtlety of incorporating domain knowledge into ML models. We anticipate that SuperBench will significantly advance SR methods for scientific tasks.

SuperBench是第一个带有高分辨率数据集的基准数据集，包括流体流动、宇宙学和天气数据，旨在验证空间分辨率性能并评估数据退化任务鲁棒性的方法。深度学习为基础的SR方法在某些任务上表现出色，但在捕捉微妙的细节和保留科学数据的基本物理属性和约束方面存在局限性，这凸显了将领域知识纳入ML模型的重要性和细微差别。

SuperBench：用于科学机器学习的超分辨率基准数据集