Nuclei segmentation and classification is a significant process in pathology image analysis. Deep learning-based approaches have greatly contributed to the higher accuracy of this task. However, those approaches suffer from the imbalanced nuclei data composition, which shows lower classification performance on the rare nuclei class. In this paper, we propose a realistic data synthesis method using a diffusion model. We generate two types of virtual patches to enlarge the training data distribution, which is for balancing the nuclei class variance and for enlarging the chance to look at various nuclei. After that, we use a semantic-label-conditioned diffusion model to generate realistic and high-quality image samples. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method by experiment results on two imbalanced nuclei datasets, improving the state-of-the-art networks. The experimental results suggest that the proposed method improves the classification performance of the rare type nuclei classification, while showing superior segmentation and classification performance in imbalanced pathology nuclei datasets.

本文提出了一种使用扩散模型的现实数据合成方法，以平衡核类别和扩大观察各种核的机会，并使用语义标签条件扩散模型来生成逼真且高质量的图像样本，证明该方法提高了罕见类型的核分类的分类性能，同时在不平衡病理核数据集中显示出卓越的分割和分类性能。

DiffMix：基于扩散模型的数据合成对于不平衡病理图像数据中的细胞核分割和分类的应用