We study the real economic activity in the Bitcoin blockchain that involves transactions from/to retail users rather than between organizations such as marketplaces, exchanges, or other services. We first introduce a heuristic method to classify Bitcoin players into three main categories: Frequent Receivers (FR), Neighbors of FR, and Others. We show that most real transactions involve Frequent Receivers, representing a small fraction of the total value exchanged according to the blockchain, but a significant fraction of all payments, raising concerns about the centralization of the Bitcoin ecosystem. We also conduct a weekly pattern analysis of activity, providing insights into the geographical location of Bitcoin users and allowing us to quantify the bias of a well-known dataset for actor identification.

我们研究了比特币区块链中涉及零售用户的真实经济活动，包括频繁接收者、邻居和其他人的分类方法，并发现大多数实际交易涉及频繁接收者，占据了交易总价值的一小部分，但所有付款的显著部分，引发了比特币生态系统集中化的关注。我们还进行了一周内活动的模式分析，提供比特币用户地理位置的见解，并允许我们量化一个众所周知的用于演员识别的数据集的偏见。

比特币区块链上实际经济活动的时间和地理分析