Boolean satisfiability (SAT) is a fundamental NP-complete problem with many applications, including automated planning and scheduling. To solve large instances, SAT solvers have to rely on heuristics, e.g., choosing a branching variable in DPLL and CDCL solvers. Such heuristics can be improved with machine learning (ML) models; they can reduce the number of steps but usually hinder the running time because useful models are relatively large and slow. We suggest the strategy of making a few initial steps with a trained ML model and then releasing control to classical heuristics; this simplifies cold start for SAT solving and can decrease both the number of steps and overall runtime, but requires a separate decision of when to release control to the solver. Moreover, we introduce a modification of Graph-Q-SAT tailored to SAT problems converted from other domains, e.g., open shop scheduling problems. We validate the feasibility of our approach with random and industrial SAT problems.

布尔可满足性 (SAT) 是一个基础的 NP-complete 问题，具有许多应用，包括自动计划和调度。为了解决大规模的情况，SAT 求解器必须依赖启发式算法，如在 DPLL 和 CDCL 求解器中选择一个分支变量。我们建议使用机器学习模型来改进这些启发式算法，通过减少步数来降低运行时间，但是由于有用的模型相对较大和较慢，这通常会阻碍运行时间。我们建议首先使用训练好的机器学习模型进行几个初始步骤，然后将控制权交给经典启发式算法，这简化了 SAT 求解的冷启动，并可以减少步数和总运行时间，但需要单独决定何时将控制权交给求解器。此外，我们介绍了一种改进的 Graph-Q-SAT，专门针对从其他领域转换而来的 SAT 问题，例如开放式车间调度问题。我们通过随机和工业 SAT 问题验证了我们方法的可行性。

SAT问题的机器学习：约束启发式和新的图表示