This paper introduces a first implementation of a novel likelihood-ratio-based approach for constructing confidence intervals for neural networks. Our method, called DeepLR, offers several qualitative advantages: most notably, the ability to construct asymmetric intervals that expand in regions with a limited amount of data, and the inherent incorporation of factors such as the amount of training time, network architecture, and regularization techniques. While acknowledging that the current implementation of the method is prohibitively expensive for many deep-learning applications, the high cost may already be justified in specific fields like medical predictions or astrophysics, where a reliable uncertainty estimate for a single prediction is essential. This work highlights the significant potential of a likelihood-ratio-based uncertainty estimate and establishes a promising avenue for future research.

该论文介绍了一种利用似然比方法构建神经网络置信区间的初步实现，提出了DeepLR方法，该方法具有限定数据区域扩展的不对称区间以及考虑训练时间、网络结构和正则化技术等因素的优势。尽管当前实现方式在许多深度学习应用中代价过高，但在医学预测或天体物理学等领域，对单个预测的可靠不确定性估计已经具有明确的价值。这项工作突显了基于似然比的不确定性估计的潜力，并为未来的研究打下了良好基础。

基于似然比的神经网络置信区间