The rapid growth of digital pathology in recent years has provided an ideal opportunity for the development of artificial intelligence-based tools to improve the accuracy and efficiency of clinical diagnoses. One of the significant roadblocks to current research is the high level of visual variability across digital pathology images, causing models to generalise poorly to unseen data. Stain normalisation aims to standardise the visual profile of digital pathology images without changing the structural content of the images. In this chapter, we explore different techniques which have been used for stain normalisation in digital pathology, with a focus on approaches which utilise generative adversarial networks (GANs). Typically, GAN-based methods outperform non-generative approaches but at the cost of much greater computational requirements. However, it is not clear which method is best for stain normalisation in general, with different GAN and non-GAN approaches outperforming each other in different scenarios and according to different performance metrics. This is an ongoing field of study as researchers aim to identify a method which efficiently and effectively normalises pathology images to make AI models more robust and generalisable.

数字病理学的快速发展为发展基于人工智能的工具改善临床诊断的准确性和效率提供了理想的机会。本文探讨了数字病理学中用于染色标准化的不同技术，重点关注利用生成对抗网络（GAN）的方法。研究者旨在找到一种有效和高效的方法来标准化病理图像，以使人工智能模型更具鲁棒性和可推广性。

组织病理学中的染色归一化的生成对抗网络