Recently, the community has witnessed the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), which have shown remarkable performance on various downstream tasks. Led by powerful models like ChatGPT and Claude, LLMs are revolutionizing how users engage with software, assuming more than mere tools but intelligent assistants. Consequently, evaluating LLMs' anthropomorphic capabilities becomes increasingly important in contemporary discourse. Utilizing the emotion appraisal theory from psychology, we propose to evaluate the empathy ability of LLMs, i.e., how their feelings change when presented with specific situations. After a careful and comprehensive survey, we collect a dataset containing over 400 situations that have proven effective in eliciting the eight emotions central to our study. Categorizing the situations into 36 factors, we conduct a human evaluation involving more than 1,200 subjects worldwide. With the human evaluation results as references, our evaluation includes five LLMs, covering both commercial and open-source models, including variations in model sizes, featuring the latest iterations, such as GPT-4 and LLaMA 2. A conclusion can be drawn from the results that, despite several misalignments, LLMs can generally respond appropriately to certain situations. Nevertheless, they fall short in alignment with the emotional behaviors of human beings and cannot establish connections between similar situations. Our collected dataset of situations, the human evaluation results, and the code of our testing framework, dubbed EmotionBench, is made publicly in https://github.com/CUHK-ARISE/EmotionBench. We aspire to contribute to the advancement of LLMs regarding better alignment with the emotional behaviors of human beings, thereby enhancing their utility and applicability as intelligent assistants.

利用心理学中的情感评估理论，我们提出了一种评估大型语言模型（LLMs）的同理心能力的方法，通过在具体情境中观察其感受变化。我们收集了超过400个情境，根据8种情绪将其分成36个因素，并进行了包含超过1200名全球参与者的人工评价实验。研究结果显示，尽管存在一些偏差，LLMs总体能够适当地对特定情况做出反应，但仍然无法与人类的情绪行为建立联系。我们公开了情境数据集、人工评估结果以及我们的测试框架EmotionBench的代码，旨在提高LLMs在与人类情绪行为的对齐方面的应用价值和实用性。

感觉麻木还是有同理心? 通过EmotionBench评估LLMs的感受