Online continual learning aims to get closer to a live learning experience by learning directly on a stream of data with temporally shifting distribution and by storing a minimum amount of data from that stream. In this empirical evaluation, we evaluate various methods from the literature that tackle online continual learning. More specifically, we focus on the class-incremental setting in the context of image classification, where the learner must learn new classes incrementally from a stream of data. We compare these methods on the Split-CIFAR100 and Split-TinyImagenet benchmarks, and measure their average accuracy, forgetting, stability, and quality of the representations, to evaluate various aspects of the algorithm at the end but also during the whole training period. We find that most methods suffer from stability and underfitting issues. However, the learned representations are comparable to i.i.d. training under the same computational budget. No clear winner emerges from the results and basic experience replay, when properly tuned and implemented, is a very strong baseline. We release our modular and extensible codebase at https://github.com/AlbinSou/ocl_survey based on the avalanche framework to reproduce our results and encourage future research.

在线持续学习在不断变化的数据流中直接学习，并存储来自该流中的最少量数据，本文通过对国内外文献中解决在线持续学习问题的方法进行实证评估，重点关注图像分类中的增量类别设置，通过比较在Split-CIFAR100和Split-TinyImagenet数据集上的平均准确率、遗忘性、稳定性和表示质量的指标，发现大多数方法都存在稳定性和欠拟合问题，但所学习的表示与相同计算预算下的独立同分布训练相当。同时发现基本的经验回放方法，经过适当调整和实施，是一种非常强大的基准方法。我们在avalanche框架上发布了我们的模块化和可扩展的代码库来复现我们的结果，并鼓励未来的研究。

在线持续学习的综合实证评估