Federated Learning (FL) allows several clients to construct a common global machine-learning model without having to share their data. FL, however, faces the challenge of statistical heterogeneity between the client's data, which degrades performance and slows down the convergence toward the global model. In this paper, we provide theoretical proof that minimizing heterogeneity between clients facilitates the convergence of a global model for every single client. This becomes particularly important under empirical concept shifts among clients, rather than merely considering imbalanced classes, which have been studied until now. Therefore, we propose a method for knowledge transfer between clients where the server trains client-specific generators. Each generator generates samples for the corresponding client to remove the conflict with other clients' models. Experiments conducted on synthetic and real data, along with a theoretical study, support the effectiveness of our method in constructing a well-generalizable global model by reducing the conflict between local models.

通过减少客户端之间的异质性，本研究提出了一种传递知识的方法，利用客户端专用生成器为每个客户端生成样本，以减少与其他客户端模型的冲突，从而构建出具有良好泛化能力的全局模型。

个性化生成网络的异构联邦学习