Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have led to improved performance on tasks such as visual question answering and image captioning. Consequently, these models are now well-positioned to reason about the physical world, particularly within domains such as robotic manipulation. However, current VLMs are limited in their understanding of the physical concepts (e.g., material, fragility) of common objects, which restricts their usefulness for robotic manipulation tasks that involve interaction and physical reasoning about such objects. To address this limitation, we propose PhysObjects, an object-centric dataset of 36.9K crowd-sourced and 417K automated physical concept annotations of common household objects. We demonstrate that fine-tuning a VLM on PhysObjects improves its understanding of physical object concepts, by capturing human priors of these concepts from visual appearance. We incorporate this physically-grounded VLM in an interactive framework with a large language model-based robotic planner, and show improved planning performance on tasks that require reasoning about physical object concepts, compared to baselines that do not leverage physically-grounded VLMs. We additionally illustrate the benefits of our physically-grounded VLM on a real robot, where it improves task success rates. We release our dataset and provide further details and visualizations of our results at https://iliad.stanford.edu/pg-vlm/.

通过在36.9K个常见家居物体的数据集PhysObjects上针对视觉外观捕捉人类先验知识，我们提出了一种基于物理概念的视觉语言模型（VLM），并将其与基于大语言模型的机器人规划器结合使用，取得了在涉及与物理物体概念推理相关的任务中相比不使用物理概念的基线模型实现了改进的规划性能的结果。此外，在真实机器人上展示了物理概念视觉语言模型的好处，提高了任务成功率。

物理基础的视觉语言模型用于机器人操作