Visual instruction tuning has recently shown encouraging progress with open-source large multimodal models (LMM) such as LLaVA and MiniGPT-4. However, most existing studies of open-source LMM are performed using models with 13B parameters or smaller. In this paper we present an empirical study of scaling LLaVA up to 33B and 65B/70B, and share our findings from our explorations in image resolution, data mixing and parameter-efficient training methods such as LoRA/QLoRA. These are evaluated by their impact on the multi-modal and language capabilities when completing real-world tasks in the wild. We find that scaling LMM consistently enhances model performance and improves language capabilities, and performance of LoRA/QLoRA tuning of LMM are comparable to the performance of full-model fine-tuning. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of higher image resolutions and mixing multimodal-language data to improve LMM performance, and visual instruction tuning can sometimes improve LMM's pure language capability. We hope that this study makes state-of-the-art LMM research at a larger scale more accessible, thus helping establish stronger baselines for future research. Code and checkpoints will be made public.

通过调整视觉指导，对开源大型多模态模型进行扩展研究，探索影响多模态和语言能力的变量，发现扩展模型能够提升性能，具有与整个模型微调相当的效果，并强调了提高图像分辨率和混合多模态语言数据对性能的重要性，有时视觉指导可以提高纯语言功能。

一个关于扩展面向指令调整的大型多模态模型的实证研究