Object detection is an essential and fundamental task in computer vision and satellite image processing. Existing deep learning methods have achieved impressive performance thanks to the availability of large-scale annotated datasets. Yet, in real-world applications the availability of labels is limited. In this context, few-shot object detection (FSOD) has emerged as a promising direction, which aims at enabling the model to detect novel objects with only few of them annotated. However, many existing FSOD algorithms overlook a critical issue: when an input image contains multiple novel objects and only a subset of them are annotated, the unlabeled objects will be considered as background during training. This can cause confusions and severely impact the model's ability to recall novel objects. To address this issue, we propose a self-training-based FSOD (ST-FSOD) approach, which incorporates the self-training mechanism into the few-shot fine-tuning process. ST-FSOD aims to enable the discovery of novel objects that are not annotated, and take them into account during training. On the one hand, we devise a two-branch region proposal networks (RPN) to separate the proposal extraction of base and novel objects, On another hand, we incorporate the student-teacher mechanism into RPN and the region of interest (RoI) head to include those highly confident yet unlabeled targets as pseudo labels. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art in various FSOD settings by a large margin. The codes will be publicly available at https://github.com/zhu-xlab/ST-FSOD.

提出了一种基于自我训练的少样本目标检测(ST-FSOD)方法，通过引入自我训练机制和学生-教师机制，在少样本细调过程中发现未标注的新对象，并在训练过程中考虑它们。实验结果表明，该方法在各种少样本目标检测设置中优于现有技术。

遥感中的小样本目标检测：解除不完全注释的新颖目标的诅咒