Large Language Models (LLMs) have acquired ubiquitous attention for their performances across diverse domains. Our study here searches through LLMs' cognitive abilities and confidence dynamics. We dive deep into understanding the alignment between their self-assessed confidence and actual performance. We exploit these models with diverse sets of questionnaires and real-world scenarios and extract how LLMs exhibit confidence in their responses. Our findings reveal intriguing instances where models demonstrate high confidence even when they answer incorrectly. This is reminiscent of the Dunning-Kruger effect observed in human psychology. In contrast, there are cases where models exhibit low confidence with correct answers revealing potential underestimation biases. Our results underscore the need for a deeper understanding of their cognitive processes. By examining the nuances of LLMs' self-assessment mechanism, this investigation provides noteworthy revelations that serve to advance the functionalities and broaden the potential applications of these formidable language models.

研究通过对大型语言模型（LLMs）的认知能力和置信度动态的深入了解，揭示了模型中展现高置信度但回答错误的情况，类似于人类心理学中的邓宁-克鲁格效应，以及低置信度但回答正确的情况，展示了潜在的低估偏差，强调了对这些语言模型认知过程的深入研究的必要性，以进一步拓展其功能和应用领域。

大型语言模型中的自信-能力差距：一项认知研究