The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has catalyzed revolutionary changes across various sectors, notably in healthcare. Among the significant developments in this field are the applications of generative AI models, specifically transformers and diffusion models. These models have played a crucial role in analyzing diverse forms of data, including medical imaging (encompassing image reconstruction, image-to-image translation, image generation, and image classification), protein structure prediction, clinical documentation, diagnostic assistance, radiology interpretation, clinical decision support, medical coding, and billing, as well as drug design and molecular representation. Such applications have enhanced clinical diagnosis, data reconstruction, and drug synthesis. This review paper aims to offer a thorough overview of the generative AI applications in healthcare, focusing on transformers and diffusion models. Additionally, we propose potential directions for future research to tackle the existing limitations and meet the evolving demands of the healthcare sector. Intended to serve as a comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners interested in the healthcare applications of generative AI, this review provides valuable insights into the current state of the art, challenges faced, and prospective future directions.

人工智能的进展推动了医疗保健领域的革命性变化，其中包括生成式人工智能模型，特别是转换器和扩散模型的应用。本综述旨在全面介绍生成式人工智能在医疗保健中的应用，重点关注转换器和扩散模型，并提出未来研究的潜在方向，以应对医疗保健部门的现有限制和不断变化的需求。作为对对生成式人工智能在医疗保健领域应用感兴趣的研究人员和实践者的全面指南，本综述提供了有关当前技术水平、面临的挑战以及未来发展方向的宝贵见解。

医疗健康中生成人工智能的综合评述