As a promising fashion for visual localization, scene coordinate regression (SCR) has seen tremendous progress in the past decade. Most recent methods usually adopt neural networks to learn the mapping from image pixels to 3D scene coordinates, which requires a vast amount of annotated training data. We propose to leverage Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) to generate training samples for SCR. Despite NeRF's efficiency in rendering, many of the rendered data are polluted by artifacts or only contain minimal information gain, which can hinder the regression accuracy or bring unnecessary computational costs with redundant data. These challenges are addressed in three folds in this paper: (1) A NeRF is designed to separately predict uncertainties for the rendered color and depth images, which reveal data reliability at the pixel level. (2) SCR is formulated as deep evidential learning with epistemic uncertainty, which is used to evaluate information gain and scene coordinate quality. (3) Based on the three arts of uncertainties, a novel view selection policy is formed that significantly improves data efficiency. Experiments on public datasets demonstrate that our method could select the samples that bring the most information gain and promote the performance with the highest efficiency.

本文提出了一种使用神经辐射场（NeRF）生成训练样本的场景坐标回归（SCR）方法，并且通过设计NeRF来预测渲染数据的不确定性，在像素级别揭示数据的可靠性；将SCR公式化为带有认识不确定性的深度证据学习，用来评估信息获取与场景坐标质量；基于不确定性的三个方面，形成了一种新的视角选择策略，极大地提高了数据效率。实验结果表明，我们的方法能够选择带来最大信息增益的样本，并以最高效率提高性能。

基于神经辐射场的不确定性感知视觉定位