Machine learning has rapidly become a tool of choice for the astronomical community. It is being applied across a wide range of wavelengths and problems, from the classification of transients to neural network emulators of cosmological simulations, and is shifting paradigms about how we generate and report scientific results. At the same time, this class of method comes with its own set of best practices, challenges, and drawbacks, which, at present, are often reported on incompletely in the astrophysical literature. With this paper, we aim to provide a primer to the astronomical community, including authors, reviewers, and editors, on how to implement machine learning models and report their results in a way that ensures the accuracy of the results, reproducibility of the findings, and usefulness of the method.

尽管机器学习方法在天文学领域得到了广泛应用且不断发展，但目前天体物理文献中对于实施机器学习模型和报告结果的最佳实践、挑战和局限性，往往尚未完全报道。因此，本文旨在为天文学界的作者、审稿人和编辑提供入门指南，解决该问题，并确保结果的准确性、研究结果的可重复性和方法的实用性。

建构具有影响力的天文机器学习研究：研究人员和审稿人的最佳实践