Scaling analysis is a technique in computational political science that assigns a political actor (e.g. politician or party) a score on a predefined scale based on a (typically long) body of text (e.g. a parliamentary speech or an election manifesto). For example, political scientists have often used the left--right scale to systematically analyse political landscapes of different countries. NLP methods for automatic scaling analysis can find broad application provided they (i) are able to deal with long texts and (ii) work robustly across domains and languages. In this work, we implement and compare two approaches to automatic scaling analysis of political-party manifestos: label aggregation, a pipeline strategy relying on annotations of individual statements from the manifestos, and long-input-Transformer-based models, which compute scaling values directly from raw text. We carry out the analysis of the Comparative Manifestos Project dataset across 41 countries and 27 languages and find that the task can be efficiently solved by state-of-the-art models, with label aggregation producing the best results.

计算政治学的技术之一是扩展分析，根据（通常较长的）文本集合（如议会演讲或选举宣言）给予政治参与者（如政治家或政党）一个预定义的评分。本研究通过实施和比较两种自动扩展分析政党宣言的方法：标签聚合和基于长输入的Transformer模型，对41个国家和27种语言的比较宣言项目数据集进行分析，发现最佳结果可通过先进的模型和标签聚合的方式高效解决。

多语言政党立场估计：从标签聚合到长输入变换器