This empirical study serves as a primer for interested service providers to determine if and how Large Language Models (LLMs) technology will be integrated for their practitioners and the broader community. We investigate the mutual learning journey of non-AI experts and AI through CoAGent, a service co-creation tool with LLM-based agents. Engaging in a three-stage participatory design processes, we work with with 23 domain experts from public libraries across the U.S., uncovering their fundamental challenges of integrating AI into human workflows. Our findings provide 23 actionable "heuristics for service co-creation with AI", highlighting the nuanced shared responsibilities between humans and AI. We further exemplar 9 foundational agency aspects for AI, emphasizing essentials like ownership, fair treatment, and freedom of expression. Our innovative approach enriches the participatory design model by incorporating AI as crucial stakeholders and utilizing AI-AI interaction to identify blind spots. Collectively, these insights pave the way for synergistic and ethical human-AI co-creation in service contexts, preparing for workforce ecosystems where AI coexists.

该研究通过CoAGent这款基于LLM的工具，与23位公共图书馆领域专家合作进行三阶段的参与式设计过程，揭示了整合人工智能到人类工作流程中的基本挑战，并提出了可行的“与人工智能共同创造服务的启示”，强调人工智能和人类之间共享的责任，为AI在参与式设计模型中的应用开辟了新途径，为服务环境中的人工智能与人类相互协作创作的产生奠定了基础。

人工智能与人类协同创造的23个启发法指南