Whole slide images~(WSIs) are digitized images of tissues placed in glass slides using advanced scanners. The digital processing of WSIs is challenging as they are gigapixel images and stored in multi-resolution format. A common challenge with WSIs is that perturbations/artifacts are inevitable during storing the glass slides and digitizing them. These perturbations include motion, which often arises from slide movement during placement, and changes in hue and brightness due to variations in staining chemicals and the quality of digitizing scanners. In this work, a novel robust learning approach to account for these artifacts is presented. Due to the size and resolution of WSIs and to account for neighborhood information, graph-based methods are called for. We use graph convolutional network~(GCN) to extract features from the graph representing WSI. Through a denoiser {and pooling layer}, the effects of perturbations in WSIs are controlled and the output is followed by a transformer for the classification of different grades of prostate cancer. To compare the efficacy of the proposed approach, the model without denoiser is trained and tested with WSIs without any perturbation and then different perturbations are introduced in WSIs and passed through the network with the denoiser. The accuracy and kappa scores of the proposed model with prostate cancer dataset compared with non-robust algorithms show significant improvement in cancer diagnosis.

本文提出了一种新颖的鲁棒学习方法来解决整张切片图像（WSIs）中的扰动问题，并通过引入图卷积网络（GCN）从图中提取特征，包括去噪和分类层，以改善前列腺癌的诊断准确率。实验结果表明，与非鲁棒算法相比，该模型在癌症诊断方面取得了显著的改善。

数字病理学中的鲁棒图表学习