With advancements in GPS, remote sensing, and computational simulation, an enormous volume of spatiotemporal data is being collected at an increasing speed from various application domains, spanning Earth sciences, agriculture, smart cities, and public safety. Such emerging geospatial and spatiotemporal big data, coupled with recent advances in deep learning technologies, foster new opportunities to solve problems that have not been possible before. For instance, remote sensing researchers can potentially train a foundation model using Earth imagery big data for numerous land cover and land use modeling tasks. Coastal modelers can train AI surrogates to speed up numerical simulations. However, the distinctive characteristics of spatiotemporal big data pose new challenges for deep learning technologies. This vision paper introduces various types of spatiotemporal big data, discusses new research opportunities in the realm of deep learning applied to spatiotemporal big data, lists the unique challenges, and identifies several future research needs.

使用GPS、遥感和计算模拟等技术，收集大量来自地球科学、农业、智能城市和公共安全等领域的时空数据，结合深度学习技术，开创解决以往无法解决的问题的新机遇并提出未来的研究需求。

深度学习在时空大数据上的应用：机遇与挑战展望