Clinical natural language processing requires methods that can address domain-specific challenges, such as complex medical terminology and clinical contexts. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in this domain. Yet, their direct deployment can lead to privacy issues and are constrained by resources. To address this challenge, we delve into synthetic clinical text generation using LLMs for clinical NLP tasks. We propose an innovative, resource-efficient approach, ClinGen, which infuses knowledge into the process. Our model involves clinical knowledge extraction and context-informed LLM prompting. Both clinical topics and writing styles are drawn from external domain-specific knowledge graphs and LLMs to guide data generation. Our extensive empirical study across 7 clinical NLP tasks and 16 datasets reveals that ClinGen consistently enhances performance across various tasks, effectively aligning the distribution of real datasets and significantly enriching the diversity of generated training instances. We will publish our code and all the generated data in \url{https://github.com/ritaranx/ClinGen}.

通过结合临床领域特定知识图谱和大语言模型，在临床自然语言处理中提出了一种创新、资源高效的方法ClinGen，通过临床知识提取和上下文信息化的大语言模型指导数据生成，持续提升性能，对生成训练实例的多样性和真实数据分布进行有效调整。

知识注入引导：基于大型语言模型的临床文本数据生成评估与推进