The multimodal task of Visual Question Answering (VQA) encompassing elements of Computer Vision (CV) and Natural Language Processing (NLP), aims to generate answers to questions on any visual input. Over time, the scope of VQA has expanded from datasets focusing on an extensive collection of natural images to datasets featuring synthetic images, video, 3D environments, and various other visual inputs. The emergence of large pre-trained networks has shifted the early VQA approaches relying on feature extraction and fusion schemes to vision language pre-training (VLP) techniques. However, there is a lack of comprehensive surveys that encompass both traditional VQA architectures and contemporary VLP-based methods. Furthermore, the VLP challenges in the lens of VQA haven't been thoroughly explored, leaving room for potential open problems to emerge. Our work presents a survey in the domain of VQA that delves into the intricacies of VQA datasets and methods over the field's history, introduces a detailed taxonomy to categorize the facets of VQA, and highlights the recent trends, challenges, and scopes for improvement. We further generalize VQA to multimodal question answering, explore tasks related to VQA, and present a set of open problems for future investigation. The work aims to navigate both beginners and experts by shedding light on the potential avenues of research and expanding the boundaries of the field.

通过调查Visual Question Answering（视觉问题回答）领域的复杂性，本研究提供了对VQA数据集和方法的详细分类，展示了该领域的最新趋势、挑战和改进方向，并将VQA推广到多模态问答，探索与VQA相关的任务，并提出了一系列未来研究的开放性问题。

从图像到语言：对视觉问答（VQA）方法、挑战和机遇的关键分析