The global challenge in chest radiograph X-ray (CXR) abnormalities often being misdiagnosed is primarily associated with perceptual errors, where healthcare providers struggle to accurately identify the location of abnormalities, rather than misclassification errors. We currently address this problem through disease-specific segmentation models. Unfortunately, these models cannot be released in the field due to their lack of generalizability across all thoracic diseases. A binary model tends to perform poorly when it encounters a disease that isn't represented in the dataset. We present CheX-nomaly: a binary localization U-net model that leverages transfer learning techniques with the incorporation of an innovative contrastive learning approach. Trained on the VinDr-CXR dataset, which encompasses 14 distinct diseases in addition to 'no finding' cases, my model achieves generalizability across these 14 diseases and others it has not seen before. We show that we can significantly improve the generalizability of an abnormality localization model by incorporating a contrastive learning method and dissociating the bounding boxes with its disease class. We also introduce a new loss technique to apply to enhance the U-nets performance on bounding box segmentation. By introducing CheX-nomaly, we offer a promising solution to enhance the precision of chest disease diagnosis, with a specific focus on reducing the significant number of perceptual errors in healthcare.

CheX-nomaly模型通过对比学习方法和病变框解关联来显著提高胸部异常定位模型的泛化能力，并引入新的损失技术来增强U-net模型在边界框分割上的性能，从而为胸部疾病诊断的精确性提供了有前景的解决方案，特别关注减少医疗保健中视觉错误的数量。

机器学习：从胸部X射线片中分割肺部异常