The widespread use of ChatGPT and other emerging technology powered by generative artificial intelligence (AI) has drawn much attention to potential ethical issues, especially in high-stakes applications such as healthcare. However, less clear is how to resolve such issues beyond following guidelines and regulations that are still under discussion and development. On the other hand, other types of generative AI have been used to synthesize images and other types of data for research and practical purposes, which have resolved some ethical issues and exposed other ethical issues, but such technology is less often the focus of ongoing ethical discussions. Here we highlight gaps in current ethical discussions of generative AI via a systematic scoping review of relevant existing research in healthcare, and reduce the gaps by proposing an ethics checklist for comprehensive assessment and transparent documentation of ethical discussions in generative AI development. While the checklist can be readily integrated into the current peer review and publication system to enhance generative AI research, it may also be used in broader settings to disclose ethics-related considerations in generative AI-powered products (or real-life applications of such products) to help users establish reasonable trust in their capabilities.

通过系统的范围性评估现有医疗研究，我们揭示了当前关于生成式人工智能的道德讨论中存在的漏洞，并提出了一个伦理检查清单，用于全面评估和透明记录生成式人工智能发展中的伦理讨论。这一清单可以被快速整合到目前的同行评审和出版系统中，以增强生成式人工智能研究，在更广泛的场景中，它也可用于披露生成式人工智能产品（或这些产品的实际应用）中与伦理有关的考虑，以帮助用户建立对其能力的合理信任。

医疗领域中的生成人工智能：伦理考虑和评估清单