Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) offers promising potential for advancing human-AI collaboration in qualitative research. However, existing works focused on conventional machine-learning and pattern-based AI systems, and little is known about how researchers interact with GenAI in qualitative research. This work delves into researchers' perceptions of their collaboration with GenAI, specifically ChatGPT. Through a user study involving ten qualitative researchers, we found ChatGPT to be a valuable collaborator for thematic analysis, enhancing coding efficiency, aiding initial data exploration, offering granular quantitative insights, and assisting comprehension for non-native speakers and non-experts. Yet, concerns about its trustworthiness and accuracy, reliability and consistency, limited contextual understanding, and broader acceptance within the research community persist. We contribute five actionable design recommendations to foster effective human-AI collaboration. These include incorporating transparent explanatory mechanisms, enhancing interface and integration capabilities, prioritising contextual understanding and customisation, embedding human-AI feedback loops and iterative functionality, and strengthening trust through validation mechanisms.

通過對十位質性研究人員進行的用戶研究，發現ChatGPT在主題分析、編碼效率提升、初步數據探索、提供細粒度定量洞見和協助非母語者和非專家的理解方面，為質性研究人員提供了有價值的協作者，然而對其信任度、準確性、一致性、上下文理解和在研究社區中的廣泛接受性存在顧慮，我們提供了五個可行的設計建議以促進有效的人工智能與人類的合作。

使用ChatGPT的主题分析中的人工智能协作: 用户研究和设计建议