In this paper, we describe the capabilities and constraints of Large Language Models (LLMs) within disparate academic disciplines, aiming to delineate their strengths and limitations with precision. We examine how LLMs augment scientific inquiry, offering concrete examples such as accelerating literature review by summarizing vast numbers of publications, enhancing code development through automated syntax correction, and refining the scientific writing process. Simultaneously, we articulate the challenges LLMs face, including their reliance on extensive and sometimes biased datasets, and the potential ethical dilemmas stemming from their use. Our critical discussion extends to the varying impacts of LLMs across fields, from the natural sciences, where they help model complex biological sequences, to the social sciences, where they can parse large-scale qualitative data. We conclude by offering a nuanced perspective on how LLMs can be both a boon and a boundary to scientific progress.

大型语言模型 (LLMs) 能够在不同学科领域发挥作用和限制，加强科学研究，例如通过总结大量出版物加速文献回顾，通过自动语法纠正提升代码开发，和优化科学写作过程。然而，LLMs 面临挑战，如依赖庞大且有时偏颇的数据集，以及出于使用而引发的潜在伦理困境。我们对LLMs在不同领域的影响进行重要讨论，从自然科学中帮助模拟复杂生物序列，到社会科学中解析大规模的定性数据。最后，我们提供一种细致的观点，认为LLMs既是科学进步的福音，也是其边界。

大型语言模型用于科学研究的跨学科视角