Supervised learning algorithms based on Convolutional Neural Networks have become the benchmark for medical image segmentation tasks, but their effectiveness heavily relies on a large amount of labeled data. However, annotating medical image datasets is a laborious and time-consuming process. Inspired by semi-supervised algorithms that use both labeled and unlabeled data for training, we propose the PLGDF framework, which builds upon the mean teacher network for segmenting medical images with less annotation. We propose a novel pseudo-label utilization scheme, which combines labeled and unlabeled data to augment the dataset effectively. Additionally, we enforce the consistency between different scales in the decoder module of the segmentation network and propose a loss function suitable for evaluating the consistency. Moreover, we incorporate a sharpening operation on the predicted results, further enhancing the accuracy of the segmentation. Extensive experiments on three publicly available datasets demonstrate that the PLGDF framework can largely improve performance by incorporating the unlabeled data. Meanwhile, our framework yields superior performance compared to six state-of-the-art semi-supervised learning methods. The codes of this study are available at https://github.com/ortonwang/PLGDF.

基于卷积神经网络的监督学习算法已成为医学图像分割任务的基准，但其效果严重依赖于大量标记数据。受到半监督算法的启发，利用有标签和无标签的数据进行训练，我们提出了PLGDF框架，用于使用较少注释的医学图像进行分割。我们提出了一种新颖的伪标签利用方案，将有标签和无标签的数据有效地合并到数据集中。此外，我们在分割网络的解码器模块中强制保持不同尺度之间的一致性，并提出了适用于评估一致性的损失函数。此外，我们在预测结果上应用了锐化操作，进一步提高了分割的准确性。在三个公开数据集上进行了大量实验证明，PLGDF框架能够通过融合无标签数据显著提高性能。与六种最先进的半监督学习方法相比，我们的框架具有优越的性能。本研究的代码可以在 https URL 获取。

半监督医学图像分割的伪标签引导数据融合和输出一致性