Neuromorphic computing and, in particular, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have become an attractive alternative to deep neural networks for a broad range of signal processing applications, processing static and/or temporal inputs from different sensory modalities, including audio and vision sensors. In this paper, we start with a description of recent advances in algorithmic and optimization innovations to efficiently train and scale low-latency, and energy-efficient spiking neural networks (SNNs) for complex machine learning applications. We then discuss the recent efforts in algorithm-architecture co-design that explores the inherent trade-offs between achieving high energy-efficiency and low latency while still providing high accuracy and trustworthiness. We then describe the underlying hardware that has been developed to leverage such algorithmic innovations in an efficient way. In particular, we describe a hybrid method to integrate significant portions of the model's computation within both memory components as well as the sensor itself. Finally, we discuss the potential path forward for research in building deployable SNN systems identifying key challenges in the algorithm-hardware-application co-design space with an emphasis on trustworthiness.

神经形态计算及尤其是脉冲神经网络(SNNs)作为深度神经网络的一种有吸引力的替代方法，已广泛应用于处理来自不同感觉模态的静态和/或时间输入的信号处理应用。本文从算法和优化创新的最新进展开始，旨在高效训练和扩展低延迟、能源高效的复杂机器学习应用中的脉冲神经网络(SNNs)。然后，我们讨论了算法-架构共设计方面的最新研究成果，探索在实现高能效和低延迟的同时仍提供高准确性和可信性之间的固有权衡。然后，我们描述了为有效利用这种算法创新而开发的基础硬件。尤其是，我们描述了一种混合方法，即在内存组件和传感器本身中整合模型计算的重要部分。最后，我们讨论了构建可部署SNN系统的研究前景，重点是算法-硬件-应用共设计领域的关键挑战，强调了可信性。

可扩展、能效高和值得信赖的脉冲神经网络的最新进展：从算法到技术