Transferability estimation has been attached to great attention in the computer vision fields. Researchers try to estimate with low computational cost the performance of a model when transferred from a source task to a given target task. Considering the effectiveness of such estimations, the communities of natural language processing also began to study similar problems for the selection of pre-trained language models. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive comparison between these estimation methods yet. Also, the differences between vision and language scenarios make it doubtful whether previous conclusions can be established across fields. In this paper, we first conduct a thorough survey of existing transferability estimation methods being able to find the most suitable model, then we conduct a detailed empirical study for the surveyed methods based on the GLUE benchmark. From qualitative and quantitative analyses, we demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of existing methods and show that H-Score generally performs well with superiorities in effectiveness and efficiency. We also outline the difficulties of consideration of training details, applicability to text generation, and consistency to certain metrics which shed light on future directions.

通过对现有可迁移性估计方法的全面调查和基于GLUE基准的详细实证研究，我们展示了现有方法的优点和缺点，并证明了H-Score在有效性和效率方面具有卓越性能。此外，我们还提出了在训练细节的考虑、文本生成的适用性以及与特定指标的一致性等困难，为未来研究方向提供了启示。

如何确定最强大的预训练语言模型而无需暴力微调？实证调查