Simulation-based inference (SBI) is constantly in search of more expressive algorithms for accurately inferring the parameters of complex models from noisy data. We present consistency models for neural posterior estimation (CMPE), a new free-form conditional sampler for scalable, fast, and amortized SBI with generative neural networks. CMPE combines the advantages of normalizing flows and flow matching methods into a single generative architecture: It essentially distills a continuous probability flow and enables rapid few-shot inference with an unconstrained architecture that can be tailored to the structure of the estimation problem. Our empirical evaluation demonstrates that CMPE not only outperforms current state-of-the-art algorithms on three hard low-dimensional problems, but also achieves competitive performance in a high-dimensional Bayesian denoising experiment and in estimating a computationally demanding multi-scale model of tumor spheroid growth.

基于模拟的推断（SBI）不断寻找更具表现力的算法，以准确地从嘈杂的数据中推断出复杂模型的参数。我们提出了神经后验估计的一致性模型（CMPE），这是一种用于可扩展、快速和分摊的SBI的新型无限制条件采样器，具有生成式神经网络。CMPE将正态流和流匹配方法的优点融合到一个单一的生成式架构中：它本质上提炼出一个连续概率流，并能够通过一个未受限制的架构进行快速的少样本推断，以适应估计问题的结构。我们的实证评估证明，CMPE不仅在三个困难的低维问题上优于当前最先进的算法，而且在高维贝叶斯去噪实验和对计算要求严格的肿瘤球体生长的多尺度模型估计中也取得了竞争性的性能。

大规模和快速基于仿真的推论的一致性模型