In computational pathology, whole slide image (WSI) classification presents a formidable challenge due to its gigapixel resolution and limited fine-grained annotations. Multiple instance learning (MIL) offers a weakly supervised solution, yet refining instance-level information from bag-level labels remains complex. While most of the conventional MIL methods use attention scores to estimate instance importance scores (IIS) which contribute to the prediction of the slide labels, these often lead to skewed attention distributions and inaccuracies in identifying crucial instances. To address these issues, we propose a new approach inspired by cooperative game theory: employing Shapley values to assess each instance's contribution, thereby improving IIS estimation. The computation of the Shapley value is then accelerated using attention, meanwhile retaining the enhanced instance identification and prioritization. We further introduce a framework for the progressive assignment of pseudo bags based on estimated IIS, encouraging more balanced attention distributions in MIL models. Our extensive experiments on CAMELYON-16, BRACS, and TCGA-LUNG datasets show our method's superiority over existing state-of-the-art approaches, offering enhanced interpretability and class-wise insights. We will release the code upon acceptance.

使用合作博弈理论灵感，结合Shapley值和注意力机制，改进多实例学习方法，提高实例级别信息的估计准确性和幻灯片标签的预测性能。通过实验证明，在计算病理学领域的CAMELYON-16、BRACS和TCGA-LUNG数据集上，我们的方法优于现有最先进的方法，提供了更好的解释性和类别洞察，并将代码在接受后进行发布。

Shapley值支持的渐进式伪样本增强用于全幻灯片图像分类