In this survey, we examine algorithms for conducting credit assignment in artificial neural networks that are inspired or motivated by neurobiology, unifying these various processes under one possible taxonomy. Our proposed taxonomy is constructed based on how a learning algorithm answers a central question underpinning the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in complex adaptive neuronal systems: where do the signals that drive the learning in individual elements of a network come from and how are they produced? In this unified treatment, we organize the ever-growing set of brain-inspired learning processes into six general families and consider these in the context of backpropagation of errors and its known criticisms. The results of this review are meant to encourage future developments in neuro-mimetic systems and their constituent learning processes, wherein lies the opportunity to build a strong bridge between machine learning, computational neuroscience, and cognitive science.

通过对受神经生物学启发或影响的人工神经网络中进行信用分配的算法的调查，我们提出了一个分类法，根据学习算法回答复杂自适应神经系统突触可塑性机制的核心问题的方式，整理了不断增长的大脑启发学习过程集合为六个通用家族，并在反向传播和其已知批评的背景下考虑了这些家族，结果旨在鼓励未来在神经仿真系统及其组成学习过程的发展，从而在机器学习、计算神经科学和认知科学之间建立良好的桥梁。

脑启发的机器智能：神经生物学可行的信用分配综述