The advent of foundation models, which are pre-trained on vast datasets, has ushered in a new era of computer vision, characterized by their robustness and remarkable zero-shot generalization capabilities. Mirroring the transformative impact of foundation models like large language models (LLMs) in natural language processing, visual foundation models (VFMs) have become a catalyst for groundbreaking developments in computer vision. This review paper delineates the pivotal trajectories of VFMs, emphasizing their scalability and proficiency in generative tasks such as text-to-image synthesis, as well as their adeptness in discriminative tasks including image segmentation. While generative and discriminative models have historically charted distinct paths, we undertake a comprehensive examination of the recent strides made by VFMs in both domains, elucidating their origins, seminal breakthroughs, and pivotal methodologies. Additionally, we collate and discuss the extensive resources that facilitate the development of VFMs and address the challenges that pave the way for future research endeavors. A crucial direction for forthcoming innovation is the amalgamation of generative and discriminative paradigms. The nascent application of generative models within discriminative contexts signifies the early stages of this confluence. This survey aspires to be a contemporary compendium for scholars and practitioners alike, charting the course of VFMs and illuminating their multifaceted landscape.

预训练基础模型的出现带来了计算机视觉领域的新篇章，其具有鲁棒性和显著的零样本泛化能力。本综述重点探讨了视觉基础模型在生成任务和判别任务方面的可扩展性、熟练度以及诸多方法。同时，我们整理和讨论了促进视觉基础模型开发的广泛资源，并解决了未来研究所面临的挑战。融合生成模型和判别模型是未来创新的重要方向，而将生成模型应用于判别上的初步尝试表明了这种融合的早期阶段。本综述旨在成为学者和从业者的现代汇编，勾勒视觉基础模型的发展轨迹，阐明其多方面的领域。

生成和判别视觉基础模型的统一化探索