Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful representation learning tools for capturing complex dependencies within diverse graph-structured data. Despite their success in a wide range of graph mining tasks, GNNs have raised serious concerns regarding their trustworthiness, including susceptibility to distribution shift, biases towards certain populations, and lack of explainability. Recently, integrating causal learning techniques into GNNs has sparked numerous ground-breaking studies since most of the trustworthiness issues can be alleviated by capturing the underlying data causality rather than superficial correlations. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of recent research efforts on causality-inspired GNNs. Specifically, we first present the key trustworthy risks of existing GNN models through the lens of causality. Moreover, we introduce a taxonomy of Causality-Inspired GNNs (CIGNNs) based on the type of causal learning capability they are equipped with, i.e., causal reasoning and causal representation learning. Besides, we systematically discuss typical methods within each category and demonstrate how they mitigate trustworthiness risks. Finally, we summarize useful resources and discuss several future directions, hoping to shed light on new research opportunities in this emerging field. The representative papers, along with open-source data and codes, are available in https://github.com/usail-hkust/Causality-Inspired-GNNs.

在这篇综述中，我们针对当前图神经网络（Graph Neural Networks，GNNs）的信任度问题，介绍了最近关于启发于因果关系的GNNs的研究，并提出了基于因果学习能力的Causality-Inspired GNNs（CIGNNs）的分类和典型方法，以及它们如何缓解信任度风险。我们还总结了有用的资源，并探讨了在这个新兴领域中的几个未来方向，希望能够为新的研究机会提供启示。

基于因果视角的可信图神经网络调研