Context: Technical debt (TD) is a well-known metaphor for the long-term effects of architectural decisions in software development and the trade-off between producing high-quality, effective, and efficient code and meeting a release schedule. Thus, the code degrades and needs refactoring. A lack of resources, time, knowledge, or experience on the development team might cause TD in any software development project. Objective: In the context of TD detection, NLP has been utilized to identify the presence of TD automatically and even recognize specific types of TD. However, the enormous variety of feature extraction approaches and ML/DL algorithms employed in the literature often hinders researchers from trying to improve their performance. Method: In light of this, this SLR proposes a taxonomy of feature extraction techniques and algorithms used in technical debt detection: its objective is to compare and benchmark their performance in the examined studies. Results: We selected 55 articles that passed the quality evaluation of this SLR. We then investigated which feature extractions and algorithms were employed to identify TD in each SDLC phase. All approaches proposed in the analyzed studies were grouped into NLP, NLP+ML, and NLP+DL. This allows us to discuss the performance in three different ways. Conclusion: Overall, the NLP+DL group consistently outperforms in precision and F1-score for all projects, and in all but one project for the recall metric. Regarding the feature extraction techniques, the PTWE consistently achieves higher precision, recall, and F1-score for each project analyzed. Furthermore, TD types have been mapped, when possible, to SDLC phases: this served to determine the best-performing feature extractions and algorithms for each SDLC phase. Finally, based on the SLR results, we also identify implications that could be of concern to researchers and practitioners.

软件开发项目中技术债务检测的特征提取技术和算法进行了综述，发现NLP+DL组在所有项目中的精确度和F1分数上始终表现优秀，并且在召回率度量上几乎所有项目都优于其他组。此外，PTWE在每个项目的精确度、召回率和F1分数上均表现较优，根据综述结果，我们确定了每个软件开发生命周期阶段最佳的特征提取技术和算法，并提出了对研究人员和实践者可能关注的问题。

利用自然语言处理方法检测技术债务 -- 一项系统文献综述