In this paper, we introduce a novel and simple method for obtaining high-quality text embeddings using only synthetic data and less than 1k training steps. Unlike existing methods that often depend on multi-stage intermediate pre-training with billions of weakly-supervised text pairs, followed by fine-tuning with a few labeled datasets, our method does not require building complex training pipelines or relying on manually collected datasets that are often constrained by task diversity and language coverage. We leverage proprietary LLMs to generate diverse synthetic data for hundreds of thousands of text embedding tasks across nearly 100 languages. We then fine-tune open-source decoder-only LLMs on the synthetic data using standard contrastive loss. Experiments demonstrate that our method achieves strong performance on highly competitive text embedding benchmarks without using any labeled data. Furthermore, when fine-tuned with a mixture of synthetic and labeled data, our model sets new state-of-the-art results on the BEIR and MTEB benchmarks.

通过使用合成数据和少于1k个训练步骤，我们引入了一种获取高质量文本嵌入的新颖简单方法。与现有方法不同，我们的方法不需要构建复杂的训练流程或依赖于常常受到任务多样性和语言覆盖性限制的人工收集的数据集。通过利用专有LLMs在近100种语言中生成大量多样化的合成数据，我们使用标准对比损失在合成数据上微调开源的只解码LLMs。实验证明，我们的方法在高度竞争的文本嵌入基准上具有强大的性能，而不使用任何标记数据。此外，当用合成数据和标记数据的混合进行微调时，我们的模型在BEIR和MTEB基准上创造了最新的技术成果。

利用大型语言模型改进文本嵌入