Named Entity Recognition seeks to extract substrings within a text that name real-world objects and to determine their type (for example, whether they refer to persons or organizations). In this survey, we first present an overview of recent popular approaches, but we also look at graph- and transformer- based methods including Large Language Models (LLMs) that have not had much coverage in other surveys. Second, we focus on methods designed for datasets with scarce annotations. Third, we evaluate the performance of the main NER implementations on a variety of datasets with differing characteristics (as regards their domain, their size, and their number of classes). We thus provide a deep comparison of algorithms that are never considered together. Our experiments shed some light on how the characteristics of datasets affect the behavior of the methods that we compare.

命名实体识别（NER）旨在从文本中提取命名真实世界对象并确定它们的类型，本文首先概述了最近流行的方法，然后探讨了其他调查中较少涉及的基于图和变换器的方法，包括大型语言模型（LLMs）。其次，重点介绍了适用于稀缺注释数据集的方法。第三，我们评估了主要NER实现在不同类型的数据集上的性能，并对从未共同考虑过的算法进行了深入比较。我们的实验揭示了数据集特征如何影响我们比较的方法的行为。

近期命名实体识别研究进展综述