To tackle the issues of catastrophic forgetting and overfitting in few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL), previous work has primarily concentrated on preserving the memory of old knowledge during the incremental phase. The role of pre-trained model in shaping the effectiveness of incremental learning is frequently underestimated in these studies. Therefore, to enhance the generalization ability of the pre-trained model, we propose Learning with Prior Knowledge (LwPK) by introducing nearly free prior knowledge from a few unlabeled data of subsequent incremental classes. We cluster unlabeled incremental class samples to produce pseudo-labels, then jointly train these with labeled base class samples, effectively allocating embedding space for both old and new class data. Experimental results indicate that LwPK effectively enhances the model resilience against catastrophic forgetting, with theoretical analysis based on empirical risk minimization and class distance measurement corroborating its operational principles. The source code of LwPK is publicly available at: \url{https://github.com/StevenJ308/LwPK}.

为了解决少样本类别增量学习中的灾难性遗忘和过拟合问题，我们提出了利用先验知识（LwPK）的方法，通过引入一些后续增量类别的未标记数据来增强预训练模型的泛化能力。我们使用无标签的增量类别样本进行聚类以产生伪标签，并与标记的基类样本一起进行联合训练，有效地为新旧类别数据分配嵌入空间。实验结果表明，LwPK能够有效增强模型抵御灾难性遗忘的韧性，理论分析基于经验风险最小化和类别距离度量的操作原理得到了验证。LwPK的源代码公开地可在https://github.com/StevenJ308/LwPK获取。

具有先验知识的少样本类增量学习