Visual text, a pivotal element in both document and scene images, speaks volumes and attracts significant attention in the computer vision domain. Beyond visual text detection and recognition, the field of visual text processing has experienced a surge in research, driven by the advent of fundamental generative models. However, challenges persist due to the unique properties and features that distinguish text from general objects. Effectively leveraging these unique textual characteristics is crucial in visual text processing, as observed in our study. In this survey, we present a comprehensive, multi-perspective analysis of recent advancements in this field. Initially, we introduce a hierarchical taxonomy encompassing areas ranging from text image enhancement and restoration to text image manipulation, followed by different learning paradigms. Subsequently, we conduct an in-depth discussion of how specific textual features such as structure, stroke, semantics, style, and spatial context are seamlessly integrated into various tasks. Furthermore, we explore available public datasets and benchmark the reviewed methods on several widely-used datasets. Finally, we identify principal challenges and potential avenues for future research. Our aim is to establish this survey as a fundamental resource, fostering continued exploration and innovation in the dynamic area of visual text processing.

通过多透视的分析，该研究综述了视觉文本处理领域的最新进展，从文本图像增强和恢复到文本图像操作的层次性分类，再到不同学习范式。同时，讨论了如何将特定的文本特征，如结构、笔画、语义、风格和空间背景，无缝地整合到各种任务中，并在几个广泛使用的数据集上对方法进行了测试和评估。最后，确定了未来研究的主要挑战和潜在途径，旨在确立该综述作为一个基础资源，促进视觉文本处理领域的持续探索和创新。

视觉文本与低层次视觉: 关于视觉文本处理的综合调查