Reward engineering has long been a challenge in Reinforcement Learning (RL) research, as it often requires extensive human effort and iterative processes of trial-and-error to design effective reward functions. In this paper, we propose RL-VLM-F, a method that automatically generates reward functions for agents to learn new tasks, using only a text description of the task goal and the agent's visual observations, by leveraging feedbacks from vision language foundation models (VLMs). The key to our approach is to query these models to give preferences over pairs of the agent's image observations based on the text description of the task goal, and then learn a reward function from the preference labels, rather than directly prompting these models to output a raw reward score, which can be noisy and inconsistent. We demonstrate that RL-VLM-F successfully produces effective rewards and policies across various domains - including classic control, as well as manipulation of rigid, articulated, and deformable objects - without the need for human supervision, outperforming prior methods that use large pretrained models for reward generation under the same assumptions.

提出了一种自动生成奖励函数的方法RL-VLM-F，通过利用视觉语言基础模型的反馈，从任务目标的文本描述和代理人的视觉观察中自动生成奖励函数，避免了人力成本和试错过程，在各个领域中成功产生了有效的奖励和策略，并优于使用大规模预训练模型的先前方法。

RL-VLM-F: 视觉语言基础模型反馈的强化学习