In this work, we focused on deep learning image processing in the context of oral rare diseases, which pose challenges due to limited data availability. A crucial step involves teeth detection, segmentation and numbering in panoramic radiographs. To this end, we used a dataset consisting of 156 panoramic radiographs from individuals with rare oral diseases and labeled by experts. We trained the Detection Transformer (DETR) neural network for teeth detection, segmentation, and numbering the 52 teeth classes. In addition, we used data augmentation techniques, including geometric transformations. Finally, we generated new panoramic images using inpainting techniques with stable diffusion, by removing teeth from a panoramic radiograph and integrating teeth into it. The results showed a mAP exceeding 0,69 for DETR without data augmentation. The mAP was improved to 0,82 when data augmentation techniques are used. Furthermore, we observed promising performances when using new panoramic radiographs generated with inpainting technique, with mAP of 0,76.

利用深度学习图像处理技术，我们以口腔罕见疾病为背景进行研究，重点解决了数据稀缺所带来的挑战。通过使用由专家标注的156个口腔罕见疾病个体的全景放射片数据集，我们训练了检测转换器（DETR）神经网络来完成牙齿的检测、分割和编号，同时使用几何变换等数据增强技术。最后，通过稳定扩散的修复技术，我们生成了新的全景图像，将牙齿从全景放射片中移除并整合。结果显示，没有数据增强时，DETR的平均精确度超过0.69；使用数据增强技术后，平均精确度提高至0.82。此外，使用修复技术生成的新的全景放射片展现出了有前景的性能，平均精确度达到0.76。

口腔罕见疾病下的牙齿检测、分割和编号的检测转换器：关注数据增广和修补技术